Catheter with a multilayered shaft section having a polyimide layer

ABSTRACT

A catheter having an multilayered shaft section with a first layer formed of a polyimide first material and a second layer formed of a second material. In a presently preferred embodiment, the polyimide material is a thermoset polyimide. However, in alternative embodiments, a thermoplastic polyimide is used. The thermoset polyimide has a very high glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 400° C. (as measured by differential scanning calorimetry), and excellent dimensional stability at the processing temperature of polyamides commonly used in catheter components. As a result, during formation and assembly of the catheter, production of a thin polyimide layer with controlled dimensions is facilitated. The polyimide has a high modulus and provides a thin walled yet highly pushable shaft section, while the second layer provides kink resistance. In one embodiment, the second material is selected from the group consisting of a polyamide material and a polyurethane material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to catheters, and particularlyintravascular catheters for use in percutaneous transluminal coronaryangioplasty (PTCA) or for the delivery of stents.

In a typical PTCA procedure, a dilatation balloon catheter is advancedover a guidewire to a desired location within the patient's coronaryanatomy where the balloon of the dilatation catheter is positionedwithin the stenosis to be dilated. The balloon is then inflated withradiopaque liquid at relatively high pressures (generally 4-16atmospheres) to dilate the stenosed region of the diseased artery. Oneor more inflations may be needed to effectively dilate the stenosis.Additionally, a stent may be implanted within the artery, typically bydelivery to a desired location within the artery in a contractedcondition on a balloon of a catheter which is similar in many respectsto a balloon angioplasty catheter, and expansion to a larger diameter byinflation of the balloon.

An essential step in effectively performing a PTCA procedure is properlypositioning the balloon catheter at a desired location within thecoronary artery. To properly position the balloon at the stenosedregion, the catheter must have good pushability and flexibility, to bereadily advanceable within the tortuous anatomy of the patient'svasculature.

What has been needed is a catheter which is highly trackable within thepatient's anatomy, with improved flexibility and pushability. Thecatheter of the present invention provides these and other advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is directed to a catheter having an multilayered shaftsection with a first layer formed of a polyimide first material and asecond layer formed of a second material. In a presently preferredembodiment, the polyimide material is a thermoset polyimide. However, inalternative embodiments, a thermoplastic polyimide is used. Thethermoset polyimide has a very high glass transition temperature (Tg) ofapproximately 400° C. (as measured by differential scanningcalorimetry), and excellent dimensional stability at the processingtemperature of polyamides commonly used in catheter components. As aresult, during formation and assembly of the catheter, production of athin polyimide layer with controlled dimensions is facilitated. Thepolyimide has a high modulus and provides a thin walled yet highlypushable shaft section, while the second layer provides kink resistance.

In one embodiment, the second material is selected from the groupconsisting of a polyamide and a polyurethane. In one presently preferredembodiment, the second material is a polyamide, and the polyamide isselected from the group consisting of a nylon and a copolyamide such aspolyether block amide (PEBAX). Although discussed below for convenienceprimarily in terms of a polyamide second layer, it should be understoodthat other materials such as a polyurethane may be used for the secondlayer in other embodiments. The polyimide first material is notcompatible with the second material (e.g., polyamide or polyurethane),and consequently, the polyimide material is not fusion (i.e., thermal)bondable to the second material. The polyimide material is a highstrength material preferably having a higher Shore durometer hardnessthan the polyamide layer. The high strength of the polyimide materialallows the wall thickness of the polyimide first layer to be small forimproved shaft flexibility and low profile. The polyamide layer providesa bonding layer which can be fusion bonded to polymeric materialscompatible therewith and conventionally used for other cathetercomponents, such as nylon, PEBAX, and polyurethane. Additionally, thepolyamide layer contributes to the kink resistance of the catheter. In apresently preferred embodiment, the polyamide second layer is an outerlayer forming an outer surface of the multilayered shaft section, andthe polyimide first layer is an inner layer forming an inner surface ofthe multilayered shaft section.

In a presently preferred embodiment, the catheter is a balloon cathetergenerally comprising an elongated shaft having a proximal portion and adistal portion, with a balloon on the distal portion of the shaft. Theballoon catheters of the invention may comprise a variety of suitableballoon catheters, including coronary and peripheral dilatationcatheters, stent delivery catheters, drug delivery catheters, and thelike.

The catheter shaft typically has an outer tubular member with a lumentherein which, in the case of a balloon catheter, is an inflation lumenin fluid communication with the balloon interior. The shaft also has aninner tubular member disposed at least in part within a portion of theouter tubular member lumen, with a lumen therein which is typically aguidewire receiving lumen. At least a section of the outer tubularmember is the multilayered section in accordance with the invention. Themultilayered shaft section of the invention may extend the full lengthof the outer tubular member, or alternatively, it may be a distal shaftsection, a proximal shaft section, or a midshaft section bonded to anadjacent shaft section(s).

In one embodiment, the catheter is a rapid exchange type catheter,having a guidewire receiving lumen in a distal section of the cathetershaft. Rapid exchange catheters generally have a distal guidewire portin the distal end of the catheter, a proximal guidewire port spaced arelatively short distance proximally from the distal guidewire port anda relatively long distance from the proximal end of the catheter shaft,and a relatively short guidewire receiving lumen extending therebetween.In an alternative embodiment, the catheter is an over-the-wire typecatheter having an elongated shaft with proximal and distal ends, aguidewire port in the proximal end, a guidewire port in the distal end,and a guidewire lumen extending therein from the distal end to theproximal end of the catheter shaft.

In a presently preferred embodiment, the polyamide second layer is indirect contact with the polyimide first layer around a circumferencethereof. Thus, unlike catheter shafts having a braid layer between afirst and second layer, the first layer and the second layer of themultilayered shaft section are not in whole or in part separated fromone another by a braid, mesh or other layer.

In a presently preferred embodiment, the polyimide first layer is formedby a solution process, and not by melt extrusion. In a suitable solutionforming process, a polyimide solution is dip, or otherwise, coated ontoa neckable mandrel, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,826,706 and4,659,622, and the Manufacturing Process section of the Phelps DodgeHigh Performance Conductors brochure, A Primer on Polyimide Tubing, pp.1, incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, and thenseparated intact from the mandrel, to thereby produce a tubular member.The dip coated mandrel can be passed through dies to control the outerdimension of the polyimide layer, and the diameter of the removablemandrel determines the inner diameter of the polyimide tube. Similarly,the polyamide or polyurethane second layer is preferably applied as asolution onto the polyimide layer, in order to provide good contact andadhesion between the polyimide layer and the polyamide or polyurethanelayer. Thus, although the polyimide material is not fusion bondable tothe polyamide or polyurethane material, the solution coating processprovides well adhered layers which remain together during componentassembly and under the high inflation pressures used during inflation ofthe catheter balloon. As a result, a separate adhesive orcompatibilizing layer is not required between the polyimide first layerand the second layer, and, consequently, the multilayered shaft sectionof the invention has excellent flexibility, manufacturability, and lowprofile.

The catheter of the invention is highly pushable, flexible, and kinkresistant due to the synergy of the materials used in the multilayeredshaft section. The polyimide material has a high modulus which allowsfor a very thin walled yet high strength shaft. The high flexuralmodulus of the polyimide layer provides excellent push transmissionalong the shaft length during advancement within the patient'svasculature and across a lesion. Moreover, the high modulus polyimidelayer provides the ability to be inflated to high inflation pressurewithout rupturing during balloon inflation. The thin walled shaftsection provides a low profile shaft without sacrificing lumen size.Additionally, the polyamide layer provides an outer layer which isreadily fusion bondable with polymeric materials commonly used in othercatheter components such as balloons or shaft sections. Thus, theflexible and pushable distal shaft section provides a catheter withexcellent trackability, and allows easy advancement over a guidewire andmaneuvering within the patient's tortuous anatomy, to position theoperative portion of the catheter at a desired location within thepatient. These and other advantages of the invention will become moreapparent from the following detailed description of the invention andthe accompanying exemplary drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a catheter which embodies features ofthe invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view, partially in section, of the portion of thecatheter shown in FIG. 1, taken within circle 2.

FIG. 3 is a transverse cross sectional view of the catheter shown inFIG. 2, taken along line 3-3.

FIG. 4 is a transverse cross sectional view of the catheter shown inFIG. 2, taken along line 4-4.

FIG. 5 is an elevational view of an alternative embodiment of a catheterwhich embodies features of the invention, having a rapid exchange distalguidewire lumen.

FIG. 6 is a transverse cross sectional view of the catheter shown inFIG. 5, taken along line 6-6.

FIG. 7 is a transverse cross sectional view of the catheter shown inFIG. 5, taken along line 7-7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1-4 illustrate an over-the-wire type balloon catheter 10 embodyingfeatures of the invention. Catheter 10 generally comprises an elongatedcatheter shaft 11 having a proximal end, a distal end, a proximal shaftsection 12, a distal shaft section 13, an outer tubular member 14, andan inner tubular member 15. Inner tubular member 15 defines a guidewirelumen 16 adapted to slidingly receive a guidewire 17, and the coaxialrelationship between outer tubular member 14 and inner tubular member 15defines annular inflation lumen 18 (see FIGS. 3 and 4, illustratingtransverse cross sections of the catheter 10 of FIG. 1, taken alonglines 3-3 and 4-4, respectively). An inflatable balloon 19 is disposedon the distal shaft section 13, having a proximal skirt sectionsealingly secured to the distal end of outer tubular member 14, and adistal skirt section sealingly secured to the distal end of innertubular member 15, so that its interior is in fluid communication withinflation lumen 18. An adapter 20 at the proximal end of the shaft isconfigured to provide access to guidewire lumen 17, and to directinflation fluid through arm 21 into inflation lumen 18. Balloon 19 hasan inflatable working length located between tapered sections of theballoon. FIG. 1 illustrates the balloon 19 in an uninflatedconfiguration prior to inflation. The distal end of catheter may beadvanced to a desired region of a patient's body lumen in a conventionalmanner, and balloon 19 inflated to perform a procedure such asdilatation of a stenosis.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, the outer tubular member hasa proximal section 25, and a distal section 26. As best illustrated inFIG. 2, showing an enlarged longitudinal cross sectional view of thesection of the catheter 10 shown in FIG. 1, taken within circle 2, theproximal section 25 is multilayered with a first layer 27 of a polyimidematerial and a second layer 28 of a material which is different from thefirst material, and which is preferably a polyamide material or apolyurethane. A presently preferred polyimide for the first layer isavailable from Phelps Dodge High Performance Conductors. Preferably, thepolyimide is a thermoset polyimide with excellent dimensional stability,which thus has a cross linked 3-dimensional network maintained a hightemperatures. A presently preferred polyamide for the second layer isPEBAX, available from Elf Autochem. A presently preferred polyurethanefor the second layer is polyurethane N, available from Phelps Dodge HighPerformance Conductors. The second layer 28 is on an outer surface ofthe first layer 27. As illustrated in the figures, the second layer 28is a solid-walled layer, which is in direct contact with the first layer27 around a circumference of the first layer 27. Thus, the second layer28 is not separated from the first layer 27 by an intermediate layer orbraid, and is not itself a braid or mesh.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, the second layer 28 of the proximalsection 25 forms an outer surface of the multilayered section of theouter tubular member 14. Thus, although a coating such as a lubriciouscoating conventionally used on catheter shafts may optionally beprovided on at least a section of an outer surface of the multilayeredshaft section, a structural or reinforcing layer is not on an outersurface of the second layer 28 in the embodiment of FIG. 1. The firstlayer 27 forms an inner surface of the multilayered section of the outertubular member 14. An optional lubricious inner liner such as a PTFE orHDPE layer may be provided on an inner surface of the first layer 27, asconventionally known for catheter shafts.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the distal section 26 of theouter tubular member 14 comprises a single layered tubular member 29,with a proximal end bonded to a distal end of the proximal section 25 ofthe outer tubular member 14. In a presently preferred embodiment, thedistal section 26 is formed of a polymeric material, such as polyetherblock amide (PEBAX), which is compatible with a polyamide material suchas PEBAX and nylon, forming the second layer 28 of the proximal section25, to allow for fusion bonding the two sections together. However, avariety of suitable methods of bonding can be used including adhesivebonding. Additionally, although a lap joint is illustrated in FIG. 2between the proximal and distal sections 25/26, a variety of suitablejoints may be used including a butt joint, or a lap joint in which theouter diameter of the proximal section 25 is reduced at the joint sothat the distal section 26 is flush with the proximal section.

In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the multilayered section ofthe outer tubular member 14 is the distal section 26, and the balloonproximal skirt section is fusion bonded to the second layer 28 of theouter tubular member 14 multilayered distal section.

FIGS. 5-7 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention, inwhich the balloon catheter 50 is a rapid exchange catheter with an outertubular member 54 having a multilayered distal section 56. A illustratedin FIG. 5, catheter 50 generally comprises an elongated catheter shaft51 having a proximal end, a distal end, a proximal shaft section 52, adistal shaft section 53, an outer tubular member 54, and an innertubular member 55. Inner tubular member 55 defines a guidewire lumen 56adapted to slidingly receive a guidewire 57. Inflation lumen 58 isdefined by the outer tubular member 54. An inflatable balloon 59 isdisposed on the distal shaft section 53, having a proximal skirt sectionsealingly secured to the distal end of outer tubular member 54, and adistal skirt section sealingly secured to the distal end of innertubular member 55, so that its interior is in fluid communication withinflation lumen 58. An adapter 60 at the proximal end of the shaft isconfigured to direct inflation fluid into inflation lumen 58.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the outer tubular member 54comprises a proximal section 61, a distal section 62, and a midshaftsection 63 having a proximal end bonded to the proximal section 61 and adistal end bonded to the distal section 62. A guidewire proximal port 64in a side wall of the midshaft section 63 is in fluid communication withthe lumen 56 of the inner tubular member 55, and with a distal guidewireport in the distal end of the shaft. As shown in FIG. 5, the guidewire57 exits the catheter proximally from the guidewire proximal port 64 andextends alongside and exteriorly of the proximal section 61 to theproximal end of the catheter 50. Although the guidewire proximal port 64is in the midshaft section, in an alternative embodiment (not shown) itis located in the proximal section 61 or the distal section 63.Additionally, in an alternative embodiment of rapid exchange catheter50, the outer tubular member 54 comprises the proximal section 61directly bonded to the distal section 62, without a midshaft sectiontherebetween (not shown). A support mandrel 65 is disposed in theinflation lumen 58, with a distal end distal to the guidewire proximalport 64. The mandrel is typically a metal member, such as a stainlesssteel or NiTi member, enhancing the pushability of the catheter 50.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the distal section 62 of theouter tubular member 54 is a multilayered section with a first layer 67of a polyimide material and a second layer 68 of a material which isdifferent from the first material, and which is preferably a polyamidematerial. The multilayered distal section 62 is similar to themultilayered section of the catheter 10 discussed above in relation tothe embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, and the discussion above relating to thefirst layer 27 and second layer 28 of the multilayered proximal section25 of catheter 10 applies as well to first and second layers 67/68 ofthe multilayered distal section 62 of catheter 50. In a presentlypreferred embodiment, the second layer 68 of the multilayered distalsection 62 of the outer tubular member 54 is a polyether block amide(PEBAX) material on the polyimide first layer 61, providing a highlykink resistant and pushable rapid exchange catheter. Balloon 59 has aproximal skirt section bonded to the second layer 68 of the distalsection 62 of outer tubular member 54.

When the catheter of the invention is used in an angioplasty procedure,the balloon catheter of the invention is advanced over the guidewireuntil the balloon is properly positioned across the stenosis. Theballoon can be inflated in a conventional manner by introducinginflation fluid through the inflation lumen. After one or moreinflations, the balloon is deflated and the catheter removed from thepatient. A similar procedure is used when the balloon has a stent (notshown) mounted thereon for implanting the stent in the body lumen.

The length of the dilatation catheter is generally about 137 to about145 centimeters, and typically about 140 centimeters for PTCA. The outertubular member 14/54 distal section has an outer diameter (OD) of about0.028 to about 0.036 inch (0.70-0.91 mm), and an inner diameter (ID) ofabout 0.024 to about 0.035 inch (0.60-0.89 mm), and the outer tubularmember 14/54 proximal section has an OD of about 0.017 to about 0.034inch (0.43-0.87 mm), and an inner diameter (ID) of about 0.012 to about0.022 inch (0.30-0.56 mm). The inner tubular member 15/55 has an OD ofabout 0.017 to about 0.026 inch (0.43-0.66 mm), and an ID of about 0.015to about 0.018 inch (0.38-0.46 mm) depending on the diameter of theguidewire to be used with the catheter. In one embodiment, the polyimidelayer is about 0.0005 inches (0.0127 mm) to about 0.0015 inches (0.038mm) thick, and preferably about 0.0005 inches (0.0127 mm) to about0.00075 inches (0.019 mm) thick, and the second layer (e.g., ofpolyamide or polyurethane) is about 0.00075 inch (0.019 mm) to about0.00125 inches (0.03 mm) thick, preferably about 0.001 (0.025 mm) toabout 0.00125 inches (0.03 mm) thick. In a presently preferredembodiment, the polyimide first layer has a smaller thickness than thesecond layer.

While the present invention has been described herein in terms ofcertain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognizethat modifications and improvements may be made without departing formthe scope of the invention. For example, while the catheter illustratedin the figures has coaxial inner and outer tubular members, otherconventional catheter shaft configurations can be used along at least asection of the catheter, such as side-by-side, dual lumenconfigurations. Moreover, while individual features of one embodiment ofthe invention may be discussed or shown in the drawings of the oneembodiment and not in other embodiments, it should be apparent thatindividual features of one embodiment may be combined with one or morefeatures of another embodiment or features from a plurality ofembodiments

1. A catheter, comprising an an elongated shaft defining a lumen andhaving at least a section thereof which is multilayered with a firstlayer of a polyimide first material, and a second layer of a secondmaterial having a lower Shore durometer hardness than the polyimidematerial and selected from the group consisting of a polyamide materialand a polyurethane material, the second layer is not in whole or in partseparated from the first layer by a braid or mesh reinforcement, and thesecond layer is in direct contact with a surface of the first layeraround a circumference of the first layer, and the polyimide material isnot fusion bondable to the polyamide or polyurethane material.
 2. Thecatheter of claim 1 wherein the polyimide material is selected from thegroup consisting of a thermoplastic polyimide and a thermoset polyimide.3. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the polyimide is a thermosetpolyimide.
 4. (cancel)
 5. A balloon catheter, comprising; a) anelongated shaft having an inflation lumen, a guidewire receiving lumen,and at least a section which is multilayered with a first layer of apolyimide first material, and a second layer of a second materialselected from the group consisting of a polyamide material and apolyurethane material, the second layer being a solid-walled layerwithout a braid or mesh reinforcement, and the polyimide material is notfusion bondable to the polyamide or polyurethane material; and b) aballoon on a distal portion of the shaft, having an interior in fluidcommunication with the inflation lumen.
 6. The balloon catheter of claim5 wherein the polyimide material is selected from the group consistingof a thermoplastic polyimide and a thermoset polyimide.
 7. The ballooncatheter of claim 5 wherein the polyimide material is a thermosetpolyimide.
 8. The balloon catheter of claim 5 wherein the polyamidematerial is selected from the group consisting of nylon and polyetherblock amide.
 9. The balloon catheter of claim 5 wherein the polyimidematerial has a higher Shore durometer hardness than the polyamide orpolyurethane material.
 10. The balloon catheter of claim 9 wherein thesecond layer is on an outer surface of the first layer.
 11. The ballooncatheter of claim 5 wherein the second layer forms an outer surface ofthe multilayered section of the elongated shaft.
 12. The ballooncatheter of claim 5 wherein the first layer forms an inner surface ofthe multilayered section of the elongated shaft.
 13. (cancel)
 14. Theballoon catheter of claim 5 wherein the second layer is in directcontact with the outer surface of the first layer around a circumferenceof the first layer.
 15. The balloon catheter of claim 5 wherein themultilayered section of the elongated shaft is a distal section of theelongated shaft, having a proximal end bonded to a proximal section ofthe elongated shaft.
 16. The balloon catheter of claim 15 wherein theballoon has a proximal skirt section fusion bonded to the second layerof the shaft multilayered distal section.
 17. The balloon catheter ofclaim 5 wherein the multilayered section of the elongated shaft is aproximal section of the elongated shaft, having a distal end bonded to adistal section of the elongated shaft.
 18. The balloon catheter of claim5 wherein the guidewire receiving lumen extends from the distal end ofthe shaft to the proximal end of the shaft.
 19. The balloon catheter ofclaim 5 the guidewire receiving lumen extends from the distal end of theshaft to a guidewire proximal port spaced distally of the proximal endof the shaft.
 20. (cancel)
 21. A balloon catheter, comprising; a) anelongated shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, an inflation lumen,and having at least a section which is multilayered with a first layerof a thermoset polyimide first material, and a second layer of a secondmaterial different from the thermoset polyimide material and having alower Shore durometer hardness than the polyimide material, and thethermoset polyimide material is not fusion bondable to the secondmaterial, and the second layer is not in whole or in part separated fromthe first layer by a braid or mesh reinforcement; and b) a balloon on adistal portion of the shaft, having an interior in fluid communicationwith the inflation lumen.
 22. The balloon catheter of claim 21 whereinthe second layer is in direct contact with and adhered to the outersurface of the first layer around a circumference of the first layer,without an adhesive or compatibilizing layer between the first andsecond layers.
 23. (cancel)
 24. The balloon catheter of claim 21 whereinthe second material is selected from the group consisting of a polyamidematerial and a polyurethane material.
 25. The balloon catheter of claim21 wherein the balloon has a proximal skirt section fusion bonded to thesecond layer of the multilayered shaft section.
 26. The balloon catheterof claim 5 wherein the shaft comprises an outer tubular member with theinflation lumen therein, and an inner tubular member with a guidewirelumen therein disposed within at least a portion of the inflation lumen.27. The balloon catheter of claim 5 wherein the first and second layersare in direct contact and adhered together without an adhesive orcompatibilizing layer between the first and second layers.